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1.
Rev. salud pública ; 12(1): 27-37, feb. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-552328

ABSTRACT

Objectives This study was aimed at carrying out a situational diagnosis of the prehospital healthcare network for victims of accidents and violence in Recife, Brazil. Methods National policy for reducing accident- and violence-related morbidity and mortality was used as reference. Questionnaires were applied and half-structured interviews conducted with managers and healthworkers from thirteen prehospital fixed units and one mobile unit. Results Children, adolescents and females predominantly sought attention; there were few preventative actions, little social coverage and deficient referral, counterreferral and communication with other sectors. A lack of equipment and basic materials, insufficient multidisciplinary teams and the need for ongoing training were also observed. Notifying and recording accidents and violence also lacked precision; ensuring that these were done properly would allow track to be kept of them as well as developing a proper assessment and action plan. However, important state, city and academic initiatives towards preventing and reducing morbidity and mortality caused by accidents and violence in particular municipalities were identified. Conclusions Taking national policy for reducing accident- and violence-related morbidity and mortality as a point of reference, then it can be seen that some advances have been made in the city of Recife; however, many shortcomings can still be seen in terms of introducing such policy.


Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un diagnóstico situacional de la atención prehospitalaria proporcionada por el sistema de salud de la ciudad de Recife a las víctimas de accidentes y violencia, utilizandose como referencia la Política Nacional de Reducción de la Mortalidad y la Morbilidad por Accidentes y Violencia. Métodos Se aplicaron cuestionarios y se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas con los directores y profesionales de trece unidades hospitalarias fijas y móviles de un hospital. Resultados Hubo predominio de la atención a niños, niñas y adolescentes y a las mujeres; se observó escasas acciones de prevención, insuficiente cobertura de atención al público, deficientes sistemas de referencia y contrarreferencia; ausencia de articulación extra-sectorial; falta de equipo básico y suministros; disponibilidad de equipo multiprofesional, pero, con poca calificación; registro y comunicación pobres sobre la violencia y los accidentes para su control, vigilancia y planificación de las acciones. Sin embargo, fueron identificadas importantes iniciativas provinciales, municipales y académicas dirigidas a la prevención y la reducción de la morbilidad por accidentes y violencia en la ciudad. Conclusiones Tomando como un punto de referencia la Política Nacional de Reducción de la Mortalidad y la Morbilidad por Accidentes y Violencia, algunos avances y muchos defectos pueden ser vistos en términos de la introducción de esta política en la ciudad de Recife.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Accidents , Emergency Medical Services/statistics & numerical data , Violence , Accidents/mortality , Accidents/statistics & numerical data , Ambulances , Brazil , Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems , Emergency Medical Services/standards , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Guidelines as Topic , Health Policy , Health Priorities , Patient Care Team , Surveys and Questionnaires , Triage , Urban Health , Violence/statistics & numerical data
2.
RGO (Porto Alegre) ; 57(2): 217-222, abr.-jun. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-522799

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar os fatores de risco e a prevalência de cárie em um grupo de crianças infectadas pelo HIV (GI), e em crianças sem evidência clínica de imunossupressão (GII). Métodos: Foram avaliados 133 pacientes de um Ambulatório de AIDS Pediátrica do Rio de Janeiro e 85 pacientes da Clínica de Odontopediatria da mesma instituição. Os responsáveis foram entrevistados, respondendo a questões sobre higiene bucal, dieta e medicação. As crianças foram examinadas, para determinação do índice de cárie (ceo/CPOD). O teste de Mann-Withney verificou a associação entre as variáveis, com significância de 5%. Resultados: Os dois grupos (GI: 6,8 e GII: 8,1 anos de idade) não apresentaram diferença significante no ceo/CPOD (ceo: 6,4 e 8,0; CPOD: 1,0 e 1,4 para GI e GII respectivamente). O GII apresentou mais elementos restaurados (p<0,05), assim como maior frequência de escovação (p<0,05). Nos dois grupos verificou-se que a maioria das crianças realizava escovação sem a supervisão de um adulto. Observou-se associação significante entre o ceo e o hábito de ingestão de sacarose entre as refeições no GII, embora no GI o hábito de ingestão de sacarose entre as refeições tenha sido maior (p<0,05). Foi constatado que 78,9% das crianças do GI faziam uso da terapia antirretroviral combinada, e que a forma de administração da medicação apresentou alto potencial cariogênico (45,1%). Conclusão: Os dois grupos apresentaram exposição a fatores de risco e alta prevalência de cárie. O hábito de ingestão de sacarose entre as refeições, em crianças sem evidência clínica de imunossupressão, demonstrou-se importante, associado à alta prevalência de cárie na dentição decídua.


Objective: To determine the risk factors and prevalence of caries in HIV infected children (GI) and in children with no evidence of immunosupression (GII). Methods: One hundred and thirty-three patients of a Pediatric AIDS Ambulatorial Service in Rio de Janeiro and 85 patients of a Pediatric Dentistry Service were examined. The patient´s guardians were interviewed, and provided information about children´s oral higyene, use of medication and dietary habits. The children were examined to determine DMFT and dmft indexes. The Mann-Whitney test was performed ata level of significance of 5%. Results: The two groups (mean age: G1=6.8 years, GII=8.1 years) showed no significant difference in dmft/DMFT indexes (dmft: 6.4 and 8.0; DMFT: 1.0 and 1.4 for GI and GII), but GII showed a higher number of restored teeth (p<0.05). GII showed also a higher frequency of toothbrushing (p<0.05), and in both groups, most of the children brushed their teeth withouth any adult supervision. Sucrose ingestion between meals was higher for GI (p<0.05). In GI 78.9% had been using combined antiretroviral therapy and the cariogenic potential of thetherapy administration classified as high was the most frequently observed (45.1%). Significant association was observed only between dmft and sucrose ingestion in GII. Conclusion: GI and GII were exposed to risk factors for a high caries prevalence. The habit of sucrose ingestion between meals was considered an important factor associated with the high prevalence of caries in deciduous dentition in children with no clinical signs of immunosupression.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Cariogenic Agents , Dental Caries/epidemiology , HIV , Risk Factors
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